The Invisible Soldiers: Female Members in the Irish Republican Army IRA

The role of women in the Irish Republican Army (IRA) has often been overlooked. However, their contributions have been significant and diverse, ranging from active combat roles to logistical and support functions. This article delves into the history and roles of female volunteers in the IRA, including the female branch of Cumann na Mban and individual notable members.

Historical Context and Cumann na Mban

Cumann na Mban, the female branch of the Irish Republican Army, was founded in 1914 in Dublin. Originally with a focus on support roles, it played an active combat role during the War of Independence and the Civil War (1919-1923). Despite its disappearance by 1923, the legacy of Cumann na Mban lived on within the IRA, serving as the female wing of the paramilitary organization.

Female Participation in the IRA

Throughout the Troubles and beyond, women made up a significant portion of IRA volunteers. They took on various roles, including fighters, couriers, and support staff. Some were coerced into service, while others volunteered out of a sense of duty or belief in the cause. The following examples illustrate the diverse roles played by female IRA members:

High-Profile Members

Dolours and Marian Price: Two of the most renowned female members, Dolours and Marian Price, are known for their involvement in a high-profile bombing in London at the Old Bailey, alongside Gerry Kelly and others. Their actions were part of the ongoing struggle against British rule in Northern Ireland.

Mairead Farrell: Another notable female IRA member, Mairead Farrell, was killed by the SAS (Special Air Service) while preparing a bombing in Gibraltar in the late stages of the conflict. Her heroic and tragic end highlights the dangers faced by female IRA volunteers.

Support Roles and Logistics

Many women in the IRA took on logistical roles and operated as couriers. The story of one such member, who was stopped and searched by authorities but issued a court order preventing interference, illustrates the effectiveness of these covert roles. She was able to carry weapons and bombs to the next member, passing them on for use, due to her ability to remain undetected.

Organizational Structure

The organizational structure of the IRA varied regarding the roles of women. In some factions, such as the Official IRA, Cumann na Mban remained a distinct entity. In contrast, the Provisional IRA decided to merge Cumann na Mban into the IRA, giving women the same responsibilities as men. This transition is illustrated in the photographs taken in 1974 and the late 1970s, showcasing the evolving roles of women within the organization.

1974 Picture: Factional split in 1969, Official IRA kept Cumann na Mban as separate body

1970s Picture: Provisional IRA merged Cumann na Mban with IRA commands, giving women the same responsibilities as men

Conclusion

The involvement of women in the IRA was extensive and dynamic. From high-profile combatants to everyday couriers, female members played crucial roles in the organization's missions and operations. Their contributions have been invaluable in the struggle for Irish Republicanism, and continuing research and recognition of their roles are essential to a comprehensive understanding of the IRA's history.

Keywords: Irish Republican Army, IRA, Cumann na Mban

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